What’s the Difference Between American and Italian Parmesan?

A chunk of Parmesan is likely a staple in your refrigerator, adding nutty, umami-rich flavor to various dishes. When it comes to restocking your cheese supply, you are faced with options of different ages, prices, and countries of origin.

So, what sets American Parmesan apart from Italian Parmesan? Why does the country of origin matter, and when should you splurge on a higher-quality wedge? Let's explore everything you need to know to choose the right Parmesan for any recipe.

What's the difference between American and Italian Parmesan?

The most noticeable distinction between American and Italian Parmesan lies in where it is produced. The location of production influences the flavor and texture of the cheese, as well as whether it can be labeled as Parmesan or Parmigiano-Reggiano.

Authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano DOP is exclusively produced in specific provinces in Italy, according to chef Michele Casadei Massari, US brand ambassador for the Parmigiano Reggiano Consortium. The production process must adhere to strict guidelines to maintain the cheese's quality and character, including rules on ingredients, production methods, and packaging.

Italian Parmesan, also known as Parmigiano Reggiano, is made with specific ingredients such as rennet, salt, and raw milk, and must be aged for at least 12 months. This results in a cheese with a distinct flavor and texture that intensifies with age.

Is Parmesan cheese made in the US?

In the US, Parmesan is a generic term used for hard, Italian-style cheeses. American Parmesan does not have to follow the strict guidelines set for Italian Parmigiano Reggiano, resulting in cheeses with different characteristics.

American Parmesan producers have more flexibility in their production methods, which can lead to a range of flavors and textures in the cheese. While some American producers follow traditional techniques, others may produce lower-quality cheese using industrial methods.

Photo by Travis Rainey, Food Styling by Judy Haubert

Is Italian Parmesan really better?

While Parmigiano Reggiano has a long history and a reputation for being the king of cheese, American Parmesan has its own legacy. American producers, many of whom are Italian immigrants, have introduced their cheesemaking traditions to the US and created unique products.

While PDO Parmigiano Reggiano has a special place in the hearts of many cheese enthusiasts, American Parmesan should not be overlooked. American producers offer a variety of high-quality options, each with its own unique characteristics.

Some American Parmesan brands, such as Grande and BelGioioso, have gained popularity and recognition for their quality products. These brands often have interesting stories behind their production, adding to the appeal of their cheeses.

Furthermore, American producers like Sartori and Schuman Cheese have introduced artisanal Parmesan-style cheeses that cater to different tastes and preferences. These higher-end wedges are crafted with care and attention to detail, resulting in cheeses with complex flavors and textures.

How to choose a quality Parmesan—or Parmigiano

When selecting a Parmesan or Parmigiano cheese, consider factors such as appearance, texture, and packaging. High-quality cheeses will have a crumbly texture, evenly distributed tyrosine crystals, and a natural-looking rind.

Look for cheeses with the PDO seal, as this indicates a standardized level of excellence. The right Parmesan for you will depend on your budget and the dish you are preparing. For simple dishes where the cheese is a minor ingredient, a more affordable American Parmesan may suffice. However, for dishes where the cheese plays a central role, opting for a higher-end Parmesan or imported Parmigiano Reggiano is recommended.

Whether you choose an imported or domestic Parmesan, you can find high-quality options at most supermarkets. Seek guidance from cheese experts or rely on trusted brands to ensure you are selecting the perfect Parmesan for your culinary needs.